MLS Maker Label Studio

Valve Cv (Flow Coefficient) Calculator

Size a control valve for liquid service, or solve flow and pressure drop from Cv, with an optional simplified gas mode.

Cited standard/category: Engineering & Surveying Liquid: Cv = Q x sqrt(SG / dP)

Inputs

Use gpm for liquid flow, psi for pressure drop, and positive values for SG and pressures.

Service mode
Liquid: gpm. Gas: use the units consistent with the simplified gas formula.
Required when solving for flow or pressure drop.
Must be greater than 0 when used as an input.
Liquid relative to water; gas relative to air for the simplified relation.

Results

Liquid sizing result using the Engineering & Surveying control valve relation.

Required Cv 20.00 Cv
Mode
Liquid
Formula
Cv = Q x sqrt(SG / dP)
Flow Q
100.00 gpm
Pressure drop dP
25.00 psi
Specific gravity SG
1.000
Valve Cv
20.00
Reference: Engineering & Surveying control valve sizing. Liquid: Cv = Q x sqrt(SG / dP). Gas simplified: Cv = Q / (1360 x sqrt(dP x P2 / (SG x T))).

Self-tests

Golden checks run against the liquid Cv, flow, and pressure-drop calculation functions.

Self-tests: not run

    About the Valve Cv (Flow Coefficient) Calculator

    Valve Cv sizing helps process engineers and technicians estimate the flow coefficient needed for a control valve at a specified flow rate, specific gravity, and pressure drop. Liquid and gas modes support early datasheet checks, trim comparisons, and conversations with valve suppliers before detailed noise, flashing, cavitation, or choked-flow analysis.

    How it works

    1. Choose liquid or gas service.
    2. Enter flow rate, upstream and downstream pressure, temperature, and fluid properties.
    3. Review the calculated flow coefficient and compare it with available valve trim Cv.
    4. Check warnings for pressure drop, cavitation, flashing, or choked-flow conditions.

    Frequently asked questions

    What does Cv mean for a control valve?

    Cv is a flow coefficient representing the gallons per minute of water at 60 degrees Fahrenheit that pass through a valve with a 1 psi pressure drop under defined conditions.

    Why is liquid specific gravity needed?

    For liquids, the basic sizing relationship adjusts flow for fluid density through specific gravity. Heavier liquids require more pressure drop or a larger Cv for the same volumetric flow.

    Can the same formula size gas valves?

    No. Gas sizing must account for absolute pressure, temperature, compressibility, pressure ratio, and possible choked flow. Use the gas mode or a recognized valve sizing standard.

    Should the selected valve Cv equal the calculated Cv exactly?

    Not necessarily. Control valves need usable travel range across minimum, normal, and maximum flow, so final sizing should check controllability and authority, not just one point.

    Does Cv sizing predict noise or cavitation?

    Basic Cv does not fully predict noise, flashing, or cavitation damage. Those checks require additional fluid, pressure recovery, trim, and standard-based calculations.

    References